Operating Systems & Kernel Design

OS=Operating System design encompasses CPU scheduling (RR=Round Robin, FCFS=First-Come-First-Served), MM=Memory Management (Paging, Segmentation), and FS=File System management (HDD=Hard Disk Drive, SSD=Solid-State Drive). Kernel design involves process synchronization (Mutex=Mutual Exclusion, Semaphore), IPC=Inter-Process Communication (Socket, Pipe), and device driver management (DD=Device Driver). Key concepts include concurrency control, deadlock prevention (Banker's Algorithm), and system call optimization. Practical applications include embedded systems (ES), real-time systems (RTS), and distributed systems (DS). Current state of the art includes microkernel architecture (MK), exokernel design (EK), and virtualization (VT). Common pitfalls include resource starvation, priority inversion, and cache coherence issues. OS design requires consideration of security (ACL=Access Control List), reliability (FT=Fault Tolerance), and scalability (Horizontal, Vertical). Kernel development involves low-level programming (ASM=Assembly Language), device driver management, and system call implementation (SCI). OS evaluation metrics include performance (TPS=Transactions Per Second), throughput, and response time. Advanced topics include OS virtualization (VT), containerization (CT), and serverless computing (SC).